Unbeknown to von Hemsbach, a German zoologist David Friedrich Weinland established a new genus Schistosoma in 1858. He also introduced the medical term bilharzia or bilharziasis to describe the infection. Another German physician Heinrich Meckel von Hemsbach introduced a new name Bilharzia haematobium in 1856 to honour the discoverer. The genus Distomum (literally "two-mouthed") was created by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for all flukes hence, it was not specific. He published the formal description in 1852. He named it Distomum haematobium, for its apparent two mouths (now called ventral and oral suckers) and habitat of the blood vessel. In 1851, Theodor Maximillian Bilharz, a German physician at the Kasr el-Aini Hospital in Cairo recovered the adult fluke from a dead soldier. Since the cause of the disease was unknown, Napoleon's army in 1798 called Egypt as "the land of menstruating men." The oldest infection known to date was revealed using ELISA, which is more than 5,000 years old. He discovered parasite eggs from two mummies, which were dated to around 1250–1000 BC. The first scientific report was by Marc Armand Ruffer, a British physician in Egypt, in 1910. īloody urine ( haematurea) was recorded by Ancient Egyptians in papyri 5,000 years ago. haematobium was declared as Group 1 (extensively proven) carcinogens by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans in 2009. Along with other helminth parasites Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, S. After the discoverer, the infection (generally including all schistosome infections) was called bilharzia or bilharziasis. Theodor Bilharz, a German surgeon working in Cairo, identified the parasite as a causative agent of urinary infection in 1851. haematobium was the first blood fluke discovered. haematobium may contribute to the propagation of HIV. The bladder becomes calcified, and there is increased pressure on ureters and kidneys otherwise known as hydronephrosis. The diseases are caused by the eggs.Īdults are found in the venous plexuses around the urinary bladder and the released eggs travels to the wall of the urine bladder causing haematuria and fibrosis of the bladder. It is the only blood fluke that infects the urinary tract, causing urinary schistosomiasis, and is the leading cause of bladder cancer (only next to tobacco smoking). It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. It is found in Africa and the Middle East. Schistosoma haematobium ( urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes ( Schistosoma).
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